UN Adopts Landmark Convention to Protect Marine Life: A Guiding Instrument for Global Cooperation

In a groundbreaking development, the United Nations (UN) approved the first-ever treaty to protect marine life and the high seas. The treaty, which covers nearly half of Earth’s surface and safeguards biodiversity in waters beyond national boundaries, received unanimous approval from delegates representing all 193 member nations. This momentous achievement marks the culmination of over 20 years of discussions and signals a significant step towards international cooperation and environmental preservation.

The landmark agreement is a major cause for celebration as it ensures the equitable sharing of benefits derived from the world’s oceans. In a recent episode of the program “Spotlight” Mukul Sanwal, an environmentalist, highlights that the absence of objections reflects a crucial provision in the treaty: fair and just distribution of benefits among nations. Recognizing that many countries lack the scientific capacity to explore and study the deep oceans, the treaty fosters a cooperative approach wherein developed nations are willing to share the advantages arising from the ocean’s common heritage.

The treaty operates within the framework of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which was established in 1994. However, the convention did not adequately address marine biodiversity and ecosystems, as the concept was still emerging at the time. With advancing scientific knowledge and a growing understanding of the oceans’ ecological, economic, social, and food security significance, the need for a comprehensive treaty became evident.

The treaty’s objectives include designating protected areas in the oceans to conserve endangered marine life and regulating external influences that impact these areas. Drawing parallels to the protection of wildlife on land, Sanwal explains that the treaty will establish regulations akin to those for land sanctuaries. It will address concerns such as overfishing, pollution, and the establishment of shipping lanes, ensuring that commercial activities undergo rigorous environmental impact assessments.

To oversee the treaty’s implementation, a dedicated secretariat will be established after its ratification by 60 countries. The administrative setup will include bodies focused on science and implementation. Sanwal emphasizes that implementation primarily rests with individual nations, and cooperation between countries will play a pivotal role in regulating activities and addressing environmental challenges.

However, challenges lie ahead. Consensus on regulations, the level of flexibility afforded to individual countries, and the sharing of scientific knowledge are crucial issues that need to be addressed. Building scientific capacity in developing nations and fostering a common understanding of the problems and solutions will be paramount to the treaty’s success.

The treaty will be open for signatures during the annual meeting of world leaders at the UN General Assembly in September. As nations come together to sign and ratify the treaty, it marks a significant turning point in global efforts to protect our oceans, preserve marine life, and ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.

The full discussion can be accessed at https://youtu.be/6vOaQuRsNDc